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- Packages included in Anaconda 2.0.1 for Python version 2.6 Packages included in Anaconda 2.0.1 for Python version 2.7 Packages included in Anaconda 2.0.1 for Python version 3.3.
- How do I change the default Python version in my Mac Snow Leopard? Ask Question Asked 8 years, 8 months ago. Active 8 years, 1 month ago. Viewed 15k times 3. How do I change the default Python version used in my Mac Snow Leopard? I'm trying to switch from v2.5 to v3.0. Like getting the right third-party libraries. – Ned Deily Apr 22.
- Python Libraries and Packages are a set of useful modules and functions that minimize the use of code in our day to day life. There are over 137,000 python libraries and 198,826 python packages ready to ease developers’ regular programming experience. These libraries and packages are intended for a variety of modern-day solutions.
Bob Savage <bobsavage@mac.com>
Jun 27, 2019 4. Important Python Libraries. Next, we will see twenty Python libraries list that will take you places in your journey with Python. These are also the Python libraries for Data Science. Matplotlib helps with data analyzing, and is a numerical plotting library. We talked about it in Python for Data Science. Python 2 is bundled with Mac OS X. However, Python 3 is not. We recommend that you download and install Python 3, and use Python 3 exclusively when running programs associated with this booksite. Perform these steps to download and install Python, IDLE, Tkinter, NumPy, and PyGame: Browse to the Python for Mac download page. Hi there fellas. Today i am going to list 20 python libraries which have been a part of my toolbelt and should be a part of yours as well. So here they are: 1. The most famous http library written by kenneth reitz. It's a must have for every python developer.
Python on a Macintosh running Mac OS X is in principle very similar to Python onany other Unix platform, but there are a number of additional features such asthe IDE and the Package Manager that are worth pointing out.
4.1. Getting and Installing MacPython¶
Mac OS X 10.8 comes with Python 2.7 pre-installed by Apple. If you wish, youare invited to install the most recent version of Python 3 from the Pythonwebsite (https://www.python.org). A current “universal binary” build of Python,which runs natively on the Mac’s new Intel and legacy PPC CPU’s, is availablethere.
What you get after installing is a number of things:
- A
Python3.8
folder in yourApplications
folder. In hereyou find IDLE, the development environment that is a standard part of officialPython distributions; PythonLauncher, which handles double-clicking Pythonscripts from the Finder; and the “Build Applet” tool, which allows you topackage Python scripts as standalone applications on your system. - A framework
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework
, which includes thePython executable and libraries. The installer adds this location to your shellpath. To uninstall MacPython, you can simply remove these three things. Asymlink to the Python executable is placed in /usr/local/bin/.
The Apple-provided build of Python is installed in
/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework
and /usr/bin/python
,respectively. You should never modify or delete these, as they areApple-controlled and are used by Apple- or third-party software. Remember thatif you choose to install a newer Python version from python.org, you will havetwo different but functional Python installations on your computer, so it willbe important that your paths and usages are consistent with what you want to do.IDLE includes a help menu that allows you to access Python documentation. If youare completely new to Python you should start reading the tutorial introductionin that document.
If you are familiar with Python on other Unix platforms you should read thesection on running Python scripts from the Unix shell.
4.1.1. How to run a Python script¶
Your best way to get started with Python on Mac OS X is through the IDLEintegrated development environment, see section The IDE and use the Help menuwhen the IDE is running.
If you want to run Python scripts from the Terminal window command line or fromthe Finder you first need an editor to create your script. Mac OS X comes with anumber of standard Unix command line editors, vim andemacs among them. If you want a more Mac-like editor,BBEdit or TextWrangler from Bare Bones Software (seehttp://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.html) are good choices, as isTextMate (see https://macromates.com/). Other editors includeGvim (http://macvim-dev.github.io/macvim/) and Aquamacs(http://aquamacs.org/).
To run your script from the Terminal window you must make sure that
/usr/local/bin
is in your shell search path.To run your script from the Finder you have two options:
- Drag it to PythonLauncher
- Select PythonLauncher as the default application to open yourscript (or any .py script) through the finder Info window and double-click it.PythonLauncher has various preferences to control how your script islaunched. Option-dragging allows you to change these for one invocation, or useits Preferences menu to change things globally.
4.1.2. Running scripts with a GUI¶
With older versions of Python, there is one Mac OS X quirk that you need to beaware of: programs that talk to the Aqua window manager (in other words,anything that has a GUI) need to be run in a special way. Use pythonwinstead of python to start such scripts.
With Python 3.8, you can use either python or pythonw.
4.1.3. Configuration¶
Python on OS X honors all standard Unix environment variables such as
PYTHONPATH
, but setting these variables for programs started from theFinder is non-standard as the Finder does not read your .profile
or.cshrc
at startup. You need to create a file~/.MacOSX/environment.plist
. See Apple’s Technical Document QA1067 fordetails.For more information on installation Python packages in MacPython, see sectionInstalling Additional Python Packages.
4.2. The IDE¶
MacPython ships with the standard IDLE development environment. A goodintroduction to using IDLE can be found athttp://www.hashcollision.org/hkn/python/idle_intro/index.html.
4.3. Installing Additional Python Packages¶
There are several methods to install additional Python packages:
- Packages can be installed via the standard Python distutils mode (
pythonsetup.pyinstall
). - Many packages can also be installed via the setuptools extensionor pip wrapper, see https://pip.pypa.io/.
4.4. GUI Programming on the Mac¶
There are several options for building GUI applications on the Mac with Python.
PyObjC is a Python binding to Apple’s Objective-C/Cocoa framework, which isthe foundation of most modern Mac development. Information on PyObjC isavailable from https://pypi.org/project/pyobjc/.
The standard Python GUI toolkit is
tkinter
, based on the cross-platformTk toolkit (https://www.tcl.tk). An Aqua-native version of Tk is bundled with OSX by Apple, and the latest version can be downloaded and installed fromhttps://www.activestate.com; it can also be built from source.wxPython is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively onMac OS X. Packages and documentation are available from https://www.wxpython.org.
PyQt is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively on MacOS X. More information can be found athttps://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro.
4.5. Distributing Python Applications on the Mac¶
The “Build Applet” tool that is placed in the MacPython 3.6 folder is fine forpackaging small Python scripts on your own machine to run as a standard Macapplication. This tool, however, is not robust enough to distribute Pythonapplications to other users.
The standard tool for deploying standalone Python applications on the Mac ispy2app. More information on installing and using py2app can be foundat http://undefined.org/python/#py2app.
4.6. Other Resources¶
The MacPython mailing list is an excellent support resource for Python users anddevelopers on the Mac:
Another useful resource is the MacPython wiki:
2.1. Invoking the Interpreter¶
The Python interpreter is usually installed as
/usr/local/bin/python3.8
on those machines where it is available; putting /usr/local/bin
in yourUnix shell’s search path makes it possible to start it by typing the command:Mac Default Python Libraries Pdf
to the shell. 1 Since the choice of the directory where the interpreter livesis an installation option, other places are possible; check with your localPython guru or system administrator. (E.g.,
/usr/local/python
is apopular alternative location.)On Windows machines where you have installed Python from the Microsoft Store, the
python3.8
command will be available. If you havethe py.exe launcher installed, you can use the py
command. See Excursus: Setting environment variables for other ways to launch Python.Typing an end-of-file character (Control-D on Unix, Control-Z onWindows) at the primary prompt causes the interpreter to exit with a zero exitstatus. If that doesn’t work, you can exit the interpreter by typing thefollowing command:
quit()
.The interpreter’s line-editing features include interactive editing, historysubstitution and code completion on systems that support the GNU Readline library.Perhaps the quickest check to see whether command line editing is supported istyping Control-P to the first Python prompt you get. If it beeps, youhave command line editing; see Appendix Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution for anintroduction to the keys. If nothing appears to happen, or if
^P
isechoed, command line editing isn’t available; you’ll only be able to usebackspace to remove characters from the current line.The interpreter operates somewhat like the Unix shell: when called with standardinput connected to a tty device, it reads and executes commands interactively;when called with a file name argument or with a file as standard input, it readsand executes a script from that file.
A second way of starting the interpreter is
python-ccommand[arg]...
,which executes the statement(s) in command, analogous to the shell’s-c
option. Since Python statements often contain spaces or othercharacters that are special to the shell, it is usually advised to quotecommand in its entirety with single quotes.Some Python modules are also useful as scripts. These can be invoked using
python-mmodule[arg]...
, which executes the source file for module asif you had spelled out its full name on the command line.When a script file is used, it is sometimes useful to be able to run the scriptand enter interactive mode afterwards. This can be done by passing
-i
before the script.All command line options are described in Command line and environment.
2.1.1. Argument Passing¶
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When known to the interpreter, the script name and additional argumentsthereafter are turned into a list of strings and assigned to the
argv
variable in the sys
module. You can access this list by executing importsys
. The length of the list is at least one; when no script and no argumentsare given, sys.argv[0]
is an empty string. When the script name is given as'-'
(meaning standard input), sys.argv[0]
is set to '-'
. When-c
command is used, sys.argv[0]
is set to '-c'
. When-m
module is used, sys.argv[0]
is set to the full name of thelocated module. Options found after -c
command or -m
module are not consumed by the Python interpreter’s option processing butleft in sys.argv
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2.1.2. Interactive Mode¶
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When commands are read from a tty, the interpreter is said to be in interactivemode. In this mode it prompts for the next command with the primary prompt,usually three greater-than signs (
>>>
); for continuation lines it promptswith the secondary prompt, by default three dots (...
). The interpreterprints a welcome message stating its version number and a copyright noticebefore printing the first prompt:Continuation lines are needed when entering a multi-line construct. As anexample, take a look at this
if
statement:All Python Libraries
For more on interactive mode, see Interactive Mode.